The fineness or coarseness of eraser crumbs can vary due to manufacture, or can depend on the degree of sharpness and roughness of a grater's surface if prepared by the conservator. For instance, a smoother surfaced paper may require the use of very fine eraser crumbs, while a rough surfaced watercolor paper may benefit from application of something coarser, and therefore less likely to become trapped in the irregularities of the surface texture. Variation in size and fineness of particles contributes to the effectiveness of cleaning, and minimizes the possibility of disturbing the paper surface. Eraser materials should be selected that will not damage or physically alter paper surfaces and media.ĭry cleaning materials can be adapted to minimize physical damage to papers for example, grated erasers are often more gentle than solid blocks. Physical properties of erasers, such as stiffness, tackiness, and abrasiveness affect the efficiency of surface dirt removal and the possibility for damage to the artifact. Factors that may adversely affect paper and other supports are: Some components, or the amount of a given component in an eraser, may adversely affect the quality of the eraser material and the treatment results. ![]() Conservation-related studies can provide information on product composition, stability, and aging. Reliable sources of eraser products should be selected. Manufacturer's formulations may change and provided product information may not be adequate for conservation purposes. Materials of known composition are preferable. Detailed information concerning chemical composition can be found in Eraser Materials. Other substances are also used for surface cleaning materials, such as starch and silicone-based erasers. rubber (rubber, drying oils, sulfur, and abrasives).factice (vulcanized vegetable oils cross-linked with sulfur bonds).vinyl (usually contains polyvinyl chloride, phthalate plasticizer, and calcium carbonate).There are three basic types of eraser materials generally used by paper conservators: 3.3 Additional Surface Cleaning Techniquesįactors to Consider Chemical Compositions and Physical Natures of Surface Cleaning Materials (Erasers).2 Materials and Application Accessories.1.3.1 Types of Extraneous Surface Materials.1.3 Extraneous Surface Materials of Historical/Artistic/Archival Importance.1.2 Potential Alteration/Damage to Object.1.1 Chemical Compositions and Physical Natures of Surface Cleaning Materials (Erasers).Wiki Contributors: Sharon Fickeissen, your name could be here Original Compilers: Susan Duhl, Nancy Nitzbergįor a full list of the original contributors to this page, see the section below on History of This Page. ![]() A decision must be made balancing the probable care of each object against the possible problems related to surface cleaning. ![]() The decision to remove surface dirt is also for aesthetic reasons when it interferes with the visibility of the imagery or information. The purpose of surface cleaning is to reduce the potential for damage to paper artifacts by removing foreign material which can be abrasive, acidic, hygroscopic, or degradative. (Dry cleaning, as the term is used in paper conservation, does not employ the use of organic solvents.) Surface cleaning may be used as an independent cleaning technique, as one step (usually the first) in a more comprehensive treatment, or as a prelude to further treatments (e.g., aqueous immersion) which may cause dirt to set irreversibly in paper fibers. Surface cleaning, synonymously referred to as dry cleaning, is a mechanical cleaning technique used to reduce superficial soil, dust, grime, insect droppings, accretions, or other surface deposits.
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